The Philosopher's Bomb, Citations

Citations for The Philosopher's Bomb (Part 1, Part 2):

[AEC61]: Annual Report to the Congress of the Atomic Energy Commission for 1961. Atomic Energy Commission, 1962.

[Al]: Althouse, Cory. “Project Plowshare.” Energy and Technology Review, September 1982. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. UCRL-52000-82-9. http://www.osti.gov/bridge/servlets/purl/6925266-TE72pF/6925266.pdf

[Alb]: Albert, Richard D. “U²³³ Fission Cross Section Measured Using a Nuclear Explosion in Space.” Physical Review, Vol. 142 No. 3 (February 1966).

[BAPS]: Bulletin of the American Physical Society No. 13.

[BC]: Bond, W. D., and Clark, W. E. “Leaching of TAMALPAIS Debris.” Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1960. ORNL-2810. http://www.ornl.gov/info/reports/1960/3445603614248.pdf

[BCo]: Brown, W. K. and Cowan, G. A. “Scientific Applications of Nuclear Explosions.” Education for Peaceful Uses of Nuclear Explosives. University of Arizona Press, 1970. pp. 299-312.

[BDS]: Brown, Wilbur K., Diven, B. C., and Seeger, P. A. “Neutron Cross-Section Measurements on Radioactive Nuclides Using Neutrons from an Underground Nuclear Explosion.” Arkiv for Fysik, Vol. 36 No. 6 (September 1966), pp. 47-55.

[Be]: Personal communication, Dr. Stephen A. Becker.

[Be2]: Becker, Stephen A. “Approximating the r-Process on Earth with Thermonuclear Explosions: Lessons Learned and Unanswered Questions.” Talk at Monash University, Australia. Los Alamos National Laboratory, 2012. LA-UR-12-25146. http://permalink.lanl.gov/object/tr?what=info:lanl-repo/lareport/LA-UR-12-25146

[Be3]: Becker, Stephen A. “Approximating the r-Process on Earth with Thermonuclear Explosions.” Origin and Evolution of the Elements. Cambridge University Press, 1993. pp. 453-456.

[Bel]: Bell, George I. “Fission and the Synthesis of Heavy Nuclei by Rapid Neutron Capture.” Physical Review, Vol. 158 No. 4 (June 1967).

[Bel2]: Bell, George I. “Production of Heavy Nuclei in the PAR and BARBEL Devices.” Physical Review, Vol. 139 No. 5B (6 September 1965), pp. 1207-1216.

[BFHK]: Balagna, J. P., Ford, G. P., Hoffman, D. C., and Knight, J. D. “Mass Symmetry in the Spontaneous Fission of Fm-257.” Physical Review Letters, Vol. 26 No. 3 (January 18^th 1971), pp. 145-148.

[Br]: Brady, Jack. “Evaluation of the Prompt Sample System Used for the ANACOSTIA and KENNEBEC Experiments.” Lawrence Radiation Laboratory, 1968. UCRL-50441.

[BSTY]: Brown, D., Summers, N., Thompson, I., and Younes, W. “Proposed 237U Evaluation for the Next ENDL Release.” Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 2007. UCRL-TR-237309. https://e-reports-ext.llnl.gov/pdf/354745.pdf

[Ca]: Carothers, James, et al. Caging the Dragon: The Containment of Underground Nuclear Explosions. Department of Energy, 1995. http://www.goodreads.com/ebooks/download/6508116-caging-the-dragon

[CBHT]: Cheifetz, E., Bowman, H. R., Hunter, J. B., and Thompson, S. G. “Prompt Neutrons from Spontaneous Fission of Fm-257.” Physical Review C, Vol. 3 No. 5 (May 1971), 2017-2021.

[CBP]: Cowan, G. A., Bayhurst, B. P., and Prestwood, R. J. “Symmetry of Neutron-Induced U-235 Fission at Individual Resonances II.” Physical Review Vol. 130, No. 6 (June 15 1963).

[CBPGK]: Cown, G. A., Bayhurst, B. P., Prestwood, R. J., Gilmore, J. S., and Knobeloch, G. W. “Symmetry of Neutron-Induced U-235 Fission at Individual Resonances III.” Physical Review C Vol. 2, No. 2 (August 1970), pp. 615-621.

[CD]: Cowan, G. A., and Diven, B. C. “The Present Status of Scientific Applications of Nuclear Explosions.” Symposium on Engineering with Nuclear Explosives, January 14-16, 1970. American Nuclear Society and Atomic Energy Commission. CONF-700101. http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a385476.pdf

[Cl]: Clark, W. E. “The ORNL Gas Sampling Experiment in Connection with the TAMALPAIS Event.” Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1963. ORNL-TM-445. http://www.ornl.gov/info/reports/1963/3445605700596.pdf

[Co]: Cowan, George A. Manhattan Project to the Santa Fe Institute: The Memoirs of George A. Cowan. University of New Mexico Press, 2010.

[Co2]: Cowan, George A. “Scientific Applications of Nuclear Explosives.” Science (June 2 1961), Vol. 133 No. 3466.

[Co3]: Cowan, George A. “Application of Nuclear Explosives to Measurements of Neutron Interactions by Foil Activation: The 'Wheel' Method.” Engineering with Nuclear Explosives: Proceedings of the Third Plowshare Symposium. Atomic Energy Commission, 1964. TID-7695. http://archive.org/details/engineeringwithn00plowrich

[Co4]: Cowan, George A. “Synthesis of Neutron-Rich Nuclides.” American Chemical Society Meeting, Miami, Florida, April 11-14, 1967. LA-3738. http://www.osti.gov/scitech/biblio/4519858

[CRG]: Combined Radiochemistry Group. “Nuclear Decay Properties of Heavy Nuclides Produced in Thermonuclear Explosions – PAR and BARBEL Events.” Physical Review, Vol. 148 No. 3 (19 August 1966), pp. 1192-1198.

[CROH]: Completion Report, Operation HARDTACK, Phase II. Atomic Energy Commission, 1959. H-N-N-4-59. http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a995180.pdf

[CTB]: Cowan, G. A., Turkevich, Anthony, Browne, C. I., and Los Alamos Radiochemical Group. “Symmetry of Neutron-Induced U²³⁵ Fission at Individual Resonances.” Physical Review (May 15 1961), Vol. 122 No. 4.

[CTBTO]: Official CTBTO Photostream, The. “'Ivy Mike' Atmospheric Nuclear Test.” http://www.flickr.com/photos/ctbto/6476282811/

[CTD61]: “Chemical Applications of Nuclear Explosives (CANE).” Chemical Technology Division Annual Progress Report for Period Ending May 31, 1961. Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1961. ORNL-3153. http://www.ornl.gov/info/reports/1961/3445600497282.pdf

[CTD62]: “CANE Program.” Chemical Technology Division Annual Progress Report for Period Ending June 30, 1962. Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1962. ORNL-3314. http://www.ornl.gov/info/reports/1962/3445603651974.pdf

[CTD63]: “Chemical Applications of Nuclear Explosives (Project COACH).” Chemical Technology Division Progress Report for Period Ending May 31, 1963. Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1963. ORNL-3452. http://www.ornl.gov/info/reports/1963/3445603222475.pdf

[CTD64]: “Chemical Applications of Nuclear Explosives.” Chemical Technology Division Annual Progress Report for Period Ending May 31, 1964. Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1964. ORNL-3627. http://www.ornl.gov/info/reports/1964/3445605483562.pdf

[CTD65]: “Chemical Applications of Nuclear Explosions.” Chemical Technology Division Annual Progress Report for Period Ending May 31, 1965. Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1964. ORNL-3830. http://www.ornl.gov/info/reports/1965/3445603233819.pdf

[CTD66]: “Chemical Applications of Nuclear Explosives.” Chemical Technology Division Annual Progress Report for Period Ending May 31, 1966. Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1966. ORNL-3945.

[CTD67]: “Chemical Applications of Nuclear Explosives.” Chemical Technology Division Annual Progress Report for Period Ending May 31, 1967. Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1967. ORNL-4145. http://www.ornl.gov/info/reports/1967/3445605812092.pdf

[D]: Doel, Ronald E. Solar System Astronomy in America: Communities, Patronage, and Interdisciplinary Science, 1920 – 1960. Cambridge University Press, 1996.

[DH]: Dorn, D. W., and Hoff, R. W. “Spontaneous Fission in Very Neutron-Rich Isotopes.” Physical Review Letters, Vol. 14 No. 12 (March 22 1965), pp. 440-441.

[Di]: Diven, B. C. “Nuclear Explosions as a Nuclear Physics Tool.” Annual Review of Nuclear Science, Vol. 20 (1970): pp. 79-104.

[Di2]: Diven, B. C. Nevada Test Site Oral History Project Interview. Interviewed by Mary Palevsky, March 10 2004. http://digital.library.unlv.edu/objects/nts/1265

[Di3]: Diven, B. C. “Use of Nuclear Explosives in Measurement of Nuclear Properties of Fissile Materials.” Symposium on Engineering with Nuclear Explosives, January 14-16, 1970. American Nuclear Society and Atomic Energy Commission. CONF-700101. http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a385476.pdf

[Di4]: Diven, B. C. “Use of Nuclear Explosions as Pulsed Neutron Sources.” Proceedings of the Conference on Neutron Cross Section Technology, March 22-24, 1966, Washington, D. C. Vol. 2, pp. 1051-1055. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/009205131

[Do]: Dorn, David W. Personal communication.

[Do2]: Dorn, David W. “The Nuclear Explosive as a High Neutron Flux Machine.” Arkiv For Fysik, Vol. 36 No. 5 (1967): pp. 41-45.

[Do3]: Dorn, David W. “Heavy Isotope Production by Nuclear Devices.” Engineering with Nuclear Explosives: Proceedings of the Third Plowshare Symposium. Atomic Energy Commission, 1964. TID-7695. http://archive.org/details/engineeringwithn00plowrich

[DoE]: United States Nuclear Tests, July 1945 through September 1992. Department of Energy, 2000. DOE/NV—209-REV 15.

[DoE2]: “Project Gnome.” Department of Energy. Accessed June 25^th 2013. http://www.wipp.energy.gov/science/ug_lab/gnome/gnomenew.html

[Ea]: Eaton, William J.   "9-Month Halt of Nuclear Tests Voted by Senate."   Los Angeles Times, August 4 1992.   http://articles.latimes.com/1992-08-04/news/mn-5056_1_comprehensive-nuclear-test

[Ec]: Eccles, Samuel F. “Production of Heavy Nuclides in Nuclear Devices.” Symposium on Engineering with Nuclear Explosives, January 14-16, 1970. American Nuclear Society and Atomic Energy Commission. CONF-700101. http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a385476.pdf

[EH]: Eccles, S. F., and Hulet, E. K. “The 'HUTCH' Heavy Element Experiment: Early Results and Conclusions.” Lawrence Radiation Laboratory, 1969. UCRL-50767.

[ESVA]: “George Cowan A1”. Emilio Segre Visual Archives. Accessed June 25^th 2013. http://photos.aip.org/veritySearch2.jsp?item_id=Cowan%20George%20A1&fname=cowan_george_a1.jpg&title=null&description=three-quarter%20view;%20eyeglasses;%20suit.%20%20Portrait%20taken%20by%20Los%20Alamos%20Photo%20Laboratory,%20circa%201950s.&credit=Los%20Alamos%20National%20Laboratory,%20courtesy%20AIP%20Emilio%20Segre%20Visual%20Archives,%20Physics%20Today%20Collection&photoDate=circa%201950s&storePublished=Y&color=N&names=Cowan,%20George%20A.&format=null&location=null&collections=Physics%20Today%20Collection&photo_des=null&contactID=95

[Fa]: Farrell, J. A. “Fission Cross-Section Measurements: Present and Potential Capabilities.” Neutron Cross Sections and Technology: Proceedings of a Conference. Washington, D. C., March 4-7, 1968. https://archive.org/details/neutroncrosssect00conf

[Fl]: Oral History Interview with William Flangas. Conducted by Mary Palevsky, November 12, 2004, Las Vegas, Nevada, for the Nevada Test Site Oral History Project. http://digital.library.unlv.edu/objects/nts/1322

[FNER]: Fundamental Nuclear Energy Research, 1963. US Atomic Energy Commission, 1963. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/001719629

[GHH]: Gerber, Carl R., Hamburger, Richard, and Hull, E. W. Seabrook. Plowshare. Atomic Energy Commission.

[GJM]: Genung, Richard K., Jolley, Robert L., and Mrochek, John E. A Brief History of the Chemical Technology Division. Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1993. ORNL/M-2733. http://www.ornl.gov/~webworks/cppr/y2001/rpt/65193.pdf

[GURC]: PNE (Peaceful Nuclear Explosion) Activity Projections for Arms Control Planning. Gulf Universities Research Consortium, 1975. Prepared for US Arms Control and Disarmament Agency. ACDA/PAB-253.

[HBHH]: Horwitz, E. P., Bloomquist, C. A. A., Harvey, H. W., and Hoh, J. C. “The Processing of Rock Debris for Transplutonium Elements Produced by Underground Nuclear Explosions.” Argonne National Laboratory, 1966. ANL-7134.

[HD]: Hoff, R. W., and Dorn, D. W. “Production of Transuranium Elements in a Thermonuclear Explosion – Anacostia.” Nuclear Science and Engineering, Vol. 18 (1964), pp. 110-112.

[HDB]: Hemmendinger, A.; Diven, B. C.; Brown, W. K.; Ellis, A.; Furnish, A.; Shunk, E. R.; Fullwood, R. R. “Time-of-Flight Neutron Cross-Section Measurements Made with Neutrons from Nuclear Explosions.” LA-3478. http://www.fas.org/sgp/othergov/doe/lanl/lib-www/la-pubs/00403952.pdf

[HDu]: Hewlett, Richard G., and Duncan, Francis. Atomic Shield: A History of the United States Atomic Energy Commission, Volume II, 1947-1952. US Atomic Energy Commission, 1972. http://energy.gov/management/downloads/hewlett-and-duncan-atomic-shield

[He]: Hemmendinger, Arthur. “Neutrons from Nuclear Explosions.” American Scientist, Vol. 58, No. 6 (November-December 1970), pp. 622-633.

[He2]: Hemmendinger, Arthur. “Cross-Section Measurements Made with Neutrons From a Nuclear Detonation.” Physics Today, Vol. 18 No. 8 (August 1965), pp. 17-23.

[Hec]: Heckman, Richard A. “Thermonuclear Neutron Sources – A New Isotope Production Technology.” Symposium on Engineering with Nuclear Explosives, January 14-16, 1970. American Nuclear Society and Atomic Energy Commission. CONF-700101. http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a385476.pdf

[HFB]: Hoffman, Darleane C., Ford, George P., and Balagna, John P. “Kinetic Energy Distributions in the Spontaneous Fission of Cm-250 and Cf-250.” Physical Review C, Vol. 7 No. 1 (January 1973), pp. 276-279.

[HGS]: Hoffman, Darleane, Ghiorso, Albert, and Seaborg, Glenn T. The Transuranium People: The Inside Story. Imperial College Press, 2000.

[HH]: Hoff, Richard W., and Hulet, E. K. “The Recovery and Study of Heavy Nuclides Produced in a Nuclear Explosion – the HUTCH Event.” Symposium on Engineering with Nuclear Explosives, January 14-16, 1970. American Nuclear Society and Atomic Energy Commission. CONF-700101. http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a385476.pdf

[HN]: Howard, W. M., and Nix, J. R. “Production of Superheavy Nuclei by Multiple Capture of Neutrons.” Nature, Vol. 247, January 4 1974, pp. 17-20.

[Ho]: Hoff, Richard W. “Production of Einsteinium and Fermium in Nuclear Explosions.” Proceedings of the Symposium Commemorating the 25^th Anniversary of Elements 99 and 100. Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, 1978. LBL-7701. http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/92g2p7cd

[Ho2]: Hoff, Richard W. “Beta Decay of Neutron-Rich Transuranic Nuclei.” International Symposium on Weak and Electromagnetic Interactions in Nuclei, Max-Planck Institut, Heidelberg, FRG, July 1-5 1986. UCRL-94252. http://www.osti.gov/scitech/servlets/purl/5534608

[Ho3]: Hoff, Richard W. "Neutron Capture Studies: I. Multiple Captures Reactions and Implications for Calculated Beta-Delayed Fission Rates; and II. The Nuclear Level Structure of Np-238."   Journal of Physics G, Vol. 14, Suppl., pp. 343-356.

[Hof]: Hoffman, D. C. “Production of Heavy Elements in a Recent Los Alamos Thermonuclear Test.” Arkiv for Fysik, Vol. 36 No. 61.

[HWLEQ]: Hulet, E. K., et al. “Spontaneous-Fission Half-Life of Fm-258 and Nuclear Instability.” Physical Review Letters, Vol. 26 No. 9 (1 March 1971), pp. 523-526.

[IC]: The Inflation Calculator. Accessed June 11^th 2013. http://www.westegg.com/inflation/

[In]: Ingley, John. “Nuclear Explosion Experiments to Determine Nuclear Properties of Heavy Isotopes.” Nuclear Physics A, Vol. 124 (1969), pp. 130-144.

[JCAE65]: Joint Committee on Atomic Energy. AEC Authorizing Legislation, Fiscal Year 1965, Part 3. Feb. 20, 25, 26, 27, March 2, 3, 1964. US Government Printing Office, 1964.

[JCAE65B]: Joint Committee on Atomic Energy. Peaceful Applications of Nuclear Explosives – Plowshare. January 5, 1965. US Government Printing Office, 1965.

[JCAE66]: Joint Committee on Atomic Energy. Authorizing Appropriations for the Atomic Energy Commission for Fiscal Year 1966. US Government Printing Office, 1965.

[JCAE67]: Joint Committee on Atomic Energy. AEC Authorizing Legislation FY67, Part 3. Feb 2, March 8-11, 15, 1966. US Government Printing Office, 1966.

[JCAE68]: Joint Committee on Atomic Energy. AEC Authorizing Legislation FY68, Part 2. March 14-15, 1967. US Government Printing Office, 1967.

[JCAE69]: Joint Committee on Atomic Energy. AEC Authorizing Legislation FY69, Part 1. Jan. 30-31, Feb 5-6, 1968. US Government Printing Office, 1968.

[JCAE73]: Joint Committee on Atomic Energy. AEC Authorizing Legislation FY73, Part 1. Jan. 26, Feb. 3, 17, 1972. US Government Printing Office, 1972.

[JHLW]: John, W., Hulet, E. K., Lougheed, R. W., and Wesolowski, J. J. “Symmetric Fission Observed in Thermal-Neutron-Induced and Spontaneous Fission of Fm-257.” Physical Review Letters, Vol. 27 No. 1 (5 July 1971), pp. 45-48.

[Ka]: Kaufman, Scott. Project Plowshare: The Peaceful Use of Nuclear Explosives in Cold War America. Cornell University Press, 2013.

[Ki]: Kirsch, Scott. Proving Grounds: Project Plowshare and the Unrealized Dream of Nuclear Earthmoving. Rutgers University Press, 2005.

[Kn]: Knight, J. D. “Properties of Very Heavy Nuclei Producible by Multiple Neutron Capture in Plutonium.” Proceedings of the Conference on Scientific Applications of Nuclear Explosions Held July 6-8 1959, Los Alamos, New Mexico. LAMS-2443. http://www.fas.org/sgp/othergov/doe/lanl/lib-www/la-pubs/00320962.pdf

[La]: Landry, J. W. “The Sequenced Gas Sampling Experiment.” Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1962. PNE-103F.

[La2]: Landry, J. W. “Sampler for the TAMALPAIS Underground Nuclear Detonation Experiment.” Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1959. ORNL-2881. http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015077306986;view=1up;seq=26

[LANL]: “LANL History in Images.” Los Alamos National Laboratory. https://www.lanl.gov/about/history-innovation/history-images.php Accessed 02/22/2014.

[LANL2]: “Passing Good Judgement.” National Security Science, February 2014. Los Alamos National Laboratory, 2014. pp. 12-33. http://www.lanl.gov/newsroom/publications/national-security-science/2014-february/_assets/docs/NSS_FEB2013_print.pdf

[LARG]: Los Alamos Radiochemistry Group. “Production of Very Heavy Elements in Thermonuclear Explosions – Test BARBEL.” Physical Review Letters, Vol. 14 No. 23 (7 June 1965), pp. 962-965.

[LAS]: “Bradbury's Colleagues Remember His Era.” Los Alamos Science, Winter/Spring 1983, pp. 29-52. http://www.lanl.gov/history/people/pdf/brad_remember.pdf

[Le]: Levy, David H. Shoemaker by Levy: The Man Who Made an Impact. Princeton University Press, 2000.

[LHWQED]: Lougheed, R. W., Hulet, E. K., Wild, J. F., Qualheim, B. J., Evans, J. E., and Dupzyk, R. J. “Two New Isotopes with N=157: Es-256 and Cf-255.” Journal of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry, Vol. 43 No. 10 (1981), pp. 2239-2241.

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[LWHHL]: Lougheed, R. W., Wild, J. F., Hulet, E. K., Hoff, R. W., and Landrum, J. H. “A New Isotope of Curium and Its Decay Properties: Cm-251.” Journal of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry, Vol. 40 (1978), pp. 1865-1869.

[Mc]: McPhee, John. The Curve of Binding Energy: A Journey into the Awesome and Alarming World of Theodore B. Taylor. MacMillan, 2011.

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[Me]: Meldner, H. W. “Superheavy Element Synthesis.” Physical Review Letters, Vol. 28 No. 15 (10 April 1972), pp. 975-978.

[MNW]: Meldner, Heiner W., Nuckolls, John, and Wood, Lowell. “An Alternative Thermonuclear n-Capture Path to the Superheavy Island.” Presented at Nobel Symposium on Superheavy Elements, Ronneby, Seden, June 11-14, 1974. UCRL-75912. http://www.iaea.org/inis/collection/NCLCollectionStore/_Public/06/195/6195037.pdf

[MTM]: Multhauf, L. G., Tirsell, K. G., and Meyer, R. A.   "Collective Excitations in Cm-246 and the Decay of Am-246m."   Physical Review C, Vol. 13 No. 2 (February 1976), pp. 771-789.

[MTMM]: Multhauf, L. G., Tirsell, K. G., Morrow, R. J., and Meyer, R. A.   "Levels of Cm-246 from the Beta-Decay Sequence Pu-246(11days)Am-246m(25 min)Cm-246."   Physical Review C, Vol. 3 No. 3 (March 1971), pp. 1338-1351.

[NA]: National Archives. NAIL Control Number NWDNS-326-COM-12.

[ND]: Narin, Francis, and Maj. Walter A. Dumas. A “Quick Look” at the Technical Results of STARFISH PRIME. US Atomic Energy Commission, 1962. http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a955411.pdf

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[No]: Nordyke, M. D. The Soviet Program for Peaceful Uses of Nuclear Explosions. Department of Energy, 2000. UCRL-ID-124410 Rev 2. http://www.fas.org/sgp/othergov/doe/lanl/osti/408695.pdf

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[PWA63]: Subcommittee on Public Works Appropriations, House Committee of Appropriations. Public Works Appropriations for 1963, Part 6. May 24-25, 28-29, 1962. US Government Printing Office, 1962.

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[PWA66]: Subcommittee on Public Works Appropriations, House Committee of Appropriations. Public Works Appropriations for 1966, Part 3. April 27, May 3-6, 1965. US Government Printing Office, 1965.

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[R2]: Ragan, Charles E. “Design Considerations for a High Pressure, Equation-of-State Experiment.” Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory, 1974. LA-5615-MS. http://www.fas.org/sgp/othergov/doe/lanl/lib-www/la-pubs/00377182.html

[Ra]: Rawson, Donald E. “Review and Summary of Some Project Gnome Results.” Transactions of the American Geophysical Union (March 1963), Vol. 44, No. 1. ftp://ftp.agu.org/wiley/journals2012/journals/tr/v044/i001/TR044i001p00129/TR044i001p00129.pdf

[Rh]: Rhodes, Richard. Dark Sun: The Making of the Hydrogen Bomb. Simon and Schuster, 1995.

[Se]: Seaborg, Glenn. “The Radioisotopes Program in the Decade 1961 – 1971.” Modern Alchemy: Selected Papers of Glenn T. Seaborg. World Scientific, 1994.

[SH]: Sandmeier, Henry A., and Hansen, Gordon E. “Thermal Neutron Spectra from an Underground Nuclear Explosion with Special Consideration of Spectral Modification due to Bomb Debris Motion.” LA-3403. http://www.fas.org/sgp/othergov/doe/lanl/lib-www/la-pubs/00373851.html

[Si]: Silbert, M. G. “Fission Cross Section of Pu-238 from PERSIMMON.” Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory, 1969. LA-4108-MS. http://www.fas.org/sgp/othergov/doe/lanl/lib-www/la-pubs/00378248.pdf

[SL]: Seaborg, Glenn, and Loeb, Benjamin S. Stemming the Tide: Arms Control in the Johnson Years. Lexington Books, 1987.

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[Sz]: Szasz, Ferenc M. “New Mexico's Forgotten Nuclear Tests: Project Gnome (1961) and Gasbuggy (1967).” New Mexico Historical Review, Vol. 73, October 1998.

[V]: Violet, Charles E. “Project Gnome.” Proceedings of the Second Plowshare Symposium, Part III: The Recovery of Power and Isotopes from Contained Underground Nuclear Explosions. Lawrence Radiation Laboratory, 1959. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/007842427

[W]: Westwick, Peter J. The National Labs: Science in an American System, 1947 – 1974. Harvard University Press, 2003.

[Wa]: Walker, J. Samuel. Containing the Atom: Nuclear Regulation in a Changing Environment, 1963 – 1971. University of California Press, 1992.

[WDFH]: Wolfsberg, K., Daniels, W. R., Ford, G. P., and Hitchcock, E. T. “Purification of Transplutonium Actinides Produced in Underground Nuclear Explosions.” Nuclear Applications, Vol. 3, September 1967, pp. 568-574.

[WHL]: Wild, J. F., Hulet, E. K., and Lougheed, R. W. “Some Nuclear Properties of Fermium-257.” Journal of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry, Vol. 35 (1973), pp. 1063-1067.

[Wiki]: Haire, Richard G. “Einsteinium.” http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Einsteinium.jpg

[Wo]: Wondrich, David. “Atomic Cocktail.” Esquire. http://www.esquire.com/drinks/atomic-cocktail-drink-recipe